Chapters on papermaking .. by Beadle Clayton 1868-1917

Author:Beadle, Clayton, 1868-1917
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Paper making and trade
Publisher: New York, D. Van Nostrand company; London, C. Lockwood and son
Published: 1907-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

J.—" The longer the fibres are, the less will the paper stretch under tension, for there will be less interlacing ; and the less interlacing of fibre, the more direct is the pull on the fibre, the shorter fibres are better felted, and therefore give more before they finally break. This is for the long way of the web.

" The more the paper is drawn when being made the less it will stretch on tension. The * freer' the stuff is, the less it will stretch. * Free' stuff is not so elastic as * soft' stuff.

" Paper which is dried severely on the machine will not stretch much, owing to the hardness of the fibres, too much moisture being driven out and the paper made brittle."

I do not think the above experience as regards the short fibres giving more before they finally break is borne out by the work of other observers, but it is undoubtedly true that the more the paper is drawn on being made the less it will stretch on being tested on the machine. The final remarks are quite correct.

L.—" Blotting and filter papers being both of a very * fast' and ' free' nature, and also soft, are very tender. These papers will have the smallest possible stretch on the testing machine. Also a paper made from esparto that has been beaten fast and worked on the machine and cylinders, as in question 28, will have very little stretch in it."

The above are general remarks which have been referred to by others.

The same may be said of the following answer by D2 :—

D2.—•' The paper which stretches least is a waterleaf paper of soft material, such as drying Royal, or blottings. I found in testing a drying Royal and blotting paper, the strip being f in. wide and 6 ins. long, the stretch was ^ cross, and ~ machine direction, the blotting stretching £ both ways. Stronger papers stretch much more."

P writes—

"1. Short stuff.

"2. Free stuff.

" 3. Maximum loading that paper will carry.

"4. Press the web hard at couch-rolls and press-rolls, this will reduce stretch in cross direction when tested for breaking strain.

" 5. Keep all * draws' as tight as possible to reduce stretch in long direction.

" 6. Super-calender or plate glaze the paper.

" 7. Paper should be kept in stock as long as possible, as age reduces elasticity."

The above answer of P's is concise under the different headings. Of course, in carrying out the above instructions the paper would be deteriorated in quality from other points of view than those considered in this question.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN "STRETCH" AND "EXPANSION" OF PAPERS.

Discussion—Tables of results—Theories.

Question 30.— How far is the quality as mentioned in question 28 (i.e. expansion or contraction with moist or dry air), connected with the quality as mentioned in question 29 (i.e. stretch when tension is put upon the paper) ?

A.—" These two qualities are connected in the beating, and also in making on the machine. If an engine of

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